Social housing

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This page contains information on specially commissioned professional and academic reports into various aspects of social housing policy and practice.

Northern Ireland Housing Selection Scheme: Investigating future provision for victims of violence and those at risk/under threat of violence including victims of domestic abuse

In August 2023, the Northern Ireland Housing Executive (NIHE) commissioned Fiona Boyle Associates to independently investigate the future provision for victims of violence and those at risk/under threat of violence including victims of domestic abuse in the Housing Selection Scheme (HSS).

The research was carried out as part of the implementation of the Department for Communities led Fundamental Review of Allocations.

Specific objectives of the research included:

A comparative analysis of how housing authorities and organisations across all jurisdictions (United Kingdom (UK) and Republic of Ireland (ROI)) identify, assess, verify and prioritise victims of violence and those at risk / under threat of violence, including victims of domestic abuse, within their housing allocation schemes;
Investigating the role of the Housing Selection Scheme (HSS) within the wider social, political and strategic context in which it operates – to include views from a wide range of respondents regarding future provisions within the HSS for victims of violence and those at risk / under threat of violence, including victims of domestic abuse; and
Identifying options for future provision for victims of violence and those at risk / under threat of violence, within the HSS.

The research findings are based on an in-depth examination and comparative analysis of housing allocation policies, procedures and support provision in place for those who have been threatened with violence, or are a victim of violence, including victims of domestic abuse; and qualitative data collection via stakeholder engagement (including qualitative interviews; focus groups; and written submissions). Stakeholders included those with lived experience of violence, homelessness and/or applying for social housing. This included representatives associated with Women’s Aid (Belfast and Lisburn), Homeless Connect, Hydebank Wood College & Women’s Prison, and Flourish NI. The Northern Ireland Housing Executive, Housing Associations, voluntary and community groups, tenants’ representatives, other statutory agencies also contributed to the research.

The research findings produced a range of options for the future provision for victims of violence and those at risk / under threat of violence within the Housing Selection Scheme. Consequently, the Housing Executive Board approved the submission of an options appraisal and preferred approach to the Department for Communities and Communities Minister for their decision. On 28^th January 2025, the Communities Minister, Gordon Lyons MLA, made a formal announcement to the Northern Ireland Assembly, and to the public, that Intimidation Points would be removed from the Housing Selection Scheme, effective from the end of the 2024/25 financial year and that the allocation of 200 points would cease.

Delivering new social and affordable housing in rural areas: a review of barriers and opportunities

In June 2023, the Northern Ireland Housing Executive (NIHE) commissioned the University of Liverpool to carry out research to understand the barriers and impediments to the delivery of new rural social and affordable housing in Northern Ireland.

The research was carried out following a request from the Rural Housing Steering Group and was funded by the Housing Executive and DAERA.

Specific objectives for the research were to provide an improved understanding of any issues and challenges associated with the development of social and affordable housing in rural areas and to inform policy development and operational processes that may result in more social and affordable housing provision.

A literature review formed the first phase in the research project and provided an overview of social, economic and environmental issues that affect rural areas in Northern Ireland, as well as common obstacles to the development of rural social housing.

The research findings are based on 19 qualitative interviews with a range of professional public, private and third sector stakeholders involved in social and affordable housing delivery engagement with members of an expert Project Advisory Group and two expert workshops involving 18 unique participants.

The research found that there are a number of factors that impede the delivery of housing including the availability, value and quality of land, funding mechanisms and appetite of delivery bodies.By clarifying the barriers, the research aims to inform policy development and operational processes that can increase provision.

Standards and costs of developing social housing in Northern Ireland

On behalf of the Department for Communities, the Northern Ireland Housing Executive commissioned Three Dragons with Ulster University to identify efficiencies in social rented housing delivery that will allow costs to be reduced while maintaining quality. The research objectives were to:

Review standards of new build general needs social housing in Northern Ireland in comparison with new private housing in Northern Ireland and new social rented housing in Great Britain and the Republic of Ireland;
Estimate the additional cost resulting from key differences in design, specification and standards;
Consider whether the higher design standards provide value for money and recommend potential areas for improved value for money;
Provide comment and analysis of other development issues which may also affect the cost of developing new social housing in Northern Ireland; and
Explore, where research is available, wider economic benefits (i.e. savings to public purse) and non-monetary benefits.

The study reviewed the Development Guide standards; analysed social housing build cost data; reviewed equivalent standards in operation elsewhere in Great Britain and in the Republic of Ireland; undertook interviews with housing associations and cost consultants active in Northern Ireland; consulted contractors/developers that develop both market and social rented housing and interviewed a sample of cost consultants with experience of social rented and speculative residential developments. The research focussed on the prescribed specifications, dwelling sizes, Lifetime Homes, Secured by Design and energy efficiency.

In reviewing the costs of meeting the Development Guide standards for social rented housing it is important to note that the focus of this study is on the initial capital costs rather than the lifecycle of the buildings or the wider impact on the internal and external environment and its role in place-shaping. However, where the research identified points about these issues, mention is made of them.

New build social housing satisfaction survey

The Housing Executive commissioned research of social housing tenants allocated new build accommodation completed during 2017/18.

This research assessed tenant satisfaction with aspects of their new build accommodation; provided a profile of tenants and their housing needs; and assessed whether the new build accommodation meets tenants needs; The impact of Covid-19 on social housing design was also considered.

Fundamental Review of Allocations – Modelling and Analysis of Waiting List Data (published April 2021)

In October 2017, as part of its Fundamental Review of Allocations, the Department for Communities (DfC) issued a consultation paper setting out 20 proposals for change. This report presents the results of modelling and analysis of Waiting List data with respect to four of the proposals, as follows:

Proposal 7 - The removal of intimidation points from the Housing Selection Scheme;
Proposal 8 – Points should reflect current circumstances for all applicants (the removal of the ‘No Detriment’ policy for Full Duty Applicants);
Proposal 9 - Removal of interim accommodation points from the Housing Selection Scheme;
Proposal 10 - The Selection Scheme should place applicants into bands based on similar levels of need to meet longstanding housing need more effectively.

Waiting List data was modelled to assess the potential impact of the four proposals both separately and in combination, with particular regard to the potential cumulative impact of Proposals 7, 8 and 9 with Proposal 10. The key aim of the research was to inform the direction and approach to any implementation of these proposals.

The analysis was commissioned by the Housing Executive in June 2019 and was carried out by Economic Research and Evaluation. Since the research was commissioned, the Department for Communities published a Consultation Outcome Report (December 2020). The Outcome Report set out likely timescales for implementation, in three Phases. As set out in the Outcome Report, the proposals to remove intimidation points (Proposal 7) and interim accommodation points (Proposal 9) will not proceed as per the 2017 consultation and, instead, options will be explored for alternative proposals. The Department has advised that Proposals 8 and 10 will be implemented as per the 2017 Consultation, with Proposal 8, in Phase 2 and Proposal 10 in Phase 3.

Improving Rent Arrears Collection

Rent arrears owed to the Northern Ireland Housing Executive totalled £12.2 million in 2017/18 and the organisation devotes substantial time and resources each year to collecting arrears and managing tenants who accumulate them. The process of managing long term arrears through to eviction is costly and difficult; the Housing Executive would prefer to help households sustain their tenancies rather than be forced to seek evictions.

The Housing Executive worked with the Department of Finance’s Innovation Lab (iLab) on a trial to test the efficacy of the standard ‘LT1A’ arrears letter against sending no letter out. The iLab then conducted a second trial sending an improved arrears letter, sending a text, sending the letter and a text or sending nothing to tenants with arrears.

The Housing Executive Research Unit suggested carrying out qualitative research to enrich understanding of the results of the second trial and to inform development of future trials. The Housing Executive Research Unit carried out 19 qualitative interviews in August and September 2019. This project was led by the iLab and the qualitative findings from this research inform a broader project. The link to the full report will be made available here when it is published shortly by the iLab.

House Sales Scheme: Outcomes and Experiences 1979-2019

The research summarised in this report was undertaken to provide updated evidence on some of the impacts and outcomes of the Housing Executive’s House Sales Scheme over a period of almost four decades. As well as providing an overview of the wider context, recent policy developments and other research evidence on House Sales/Right to Buy schemes, this report summarises the findings of a survey conducted by Perceptive Insight Market Research Ltd for the Housing Executive among a sample of residents living in properties across Northern Ireland that had been sold to tenants during the life of the Housing Executive’s House Sales Scheme up to November 2018.

A review of the Affordability of Social Rents in Northern Ireland (2017)

This study was commissioned in 2016 by the Housing Executive on behalf of the Department for Communities to inform the Social Housing Reform Programme.
It considered the possible impacts of a gradual rise in Housing Executive rents in the context of a more transparent and equitable system of rents for social tenants, which would also help sustain the financial viability of social landlords.
It should be noted that the analysis was completed before the UK Government’s decision in October 2017 that Local Housing Allowance rates would not be applied to social and supported housing from April 2019, as had previously been proposed.

Tenant Involvement in Governance: Models and Practices (2017)

The Housing Executive commissioned the University of Birmingham to review approaches to tenant involvement in the governance of social housing organisations in Northern Ireland and explore the relevance of international models and practices for the region.

The research involved interviews, an evidence review, case studies, and a number of consultation workshops, and this comprehensive final report details the findings of each stage of the project.

The Business Benefits of the Housing Executive’s Community Involvement Activities (2017)

The Housing Executive commissioned the University of Westminster to carry out research on the business benefits to the organisation of community involvement activity, with particular reference to issues such as tenant satisfaction levels, expenditure, service delivery and value for money.

The findings of this mixed qualitative and quantitative study showed that investment in community involvement had benefitted the Housing Executive by helping the organisation to identify needs, improve services, reduce costs and develop communities.

Third Sector Housing Partnerships in Northern Ireland (June 2013)

This report was the result of a three-year collaboration between the Third Sector Research Centre at the University of Birmingham, the School of Planning, Architecture and Civil Engineering at Queen’s University Belfast and the Institute for Research in Social Sciences at University of Ulster.

The research used case studies of two social housing Procurement Groups and two Supporting People partnerships (community based schemes with mental health and homeless service users) to look at partnership structures, drivers and barriers, processes, impacts and learning from partnership working.

Review of Social Rent Setting in Northern Ireland (February 2013)

This report, produced by a team from Newhaven Research, the University of Glasgow, University of York and University College Dublin, explores the pattern of rents in the social housing sector in Northern Ireland and considers the scope for the development and implementation of a harmonised rent-setting regime.

The study, which was commissioned by the Housing Executive on behalf of the Department for Social Development, aimed to inform policy development by updating a project carried out in 2007.

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